Haramaya university, formerly known as alemaya university, was established with the initiative of emperor haile selassie in 1954 based on the need for modernizing ethiopian agriculture in particular and education in general through the establishment of an agricultural college and training. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia summary of essp ii working paper 20, seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia ethiopia strategy support program essp ii research note 12 in spite of nearly two decades of policies that placed high. These extension approaches have been pushing in one way or another for increased use of chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield. Chief among these was the development and use of the singletine oxplow. The state of agricultural extension services in ethiopia and their contribution to agricultural productivity. An ordered logit regression model approach dessalegn gachena negera college of agriculture and natural resources, department of agricultural economics, wolkite university, p. Mitigation efforts will require information, education, and technology transfer. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Extension services are currently supported by a range of government, donorbased, cooperative and farmer groups and private agents.
Historical perspectives began in 1931, with the establishment of ambo agricultural school, but not do extension work in the sense of the term that we understand today belay, 2003 limited extension activities began with establishment of ministry of agriculture in 1943. Pdf the political economy of agricultural extension policy. Agricultural extension is the term used to describe the process by which rural people are persuaded. History of agricultural extension in the world and in africa.
Vision for ethiopia s extension system modern agriculture integrated with the rest of the economy and a wealthy society free from food insecurity and poverty. The challenges of agriculture and rural development in africa. While overall extension services are relatively accessible in ethiopia, there are differences in access between men and women, and particularly stark differences by region. Individual visits by public sector extension agents to. There, agricultural extension work became established in 1900 as a result of the initiative of horace plunkett, well known for his advocacy of agricultural cooperation. This paper evaluates the effect of the rural capacity building project, which aimed at promoting growth by strengthening the agricultural service systems in ethiopia and by making them more responsive to smallholders needs. Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension service on farm productivity in ethiopia.
Case study ethiopias agricultural development policy. How appropriate is the single spine structure abstract ugandas agricultural extension system has experienced several changes since colonial times. Current concepts and approaches in agricultural extension in. The field of extension now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture, agricultural marketing, health, and business studies. Agricultural extension and its effects on farm productivity. Extension is also critical to move research from the lab to the field and to ensure a return on investment in research by translating new knowledge into. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of agricultural extension service on household food security in nandi county. Determinants of rural womens participation in agricultural. Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product gdp, 83. It is expected that extension programmes will help increase farm productivity, farm revenue, reduce poverty and minimize food insecurity.
The political economy of agricultural extension policy in ethiopia. The case of participatory demonstration and training extension system article pdf available in journal of social development in africa 181. Agricultural extension work in ethiopia began in 1931 with the establishment of the ambo agricultural school which is one of the oldest agricultural institutions inethiopia and the first agricultural high schoolofferinggeneral education withamajor emphasis on agriculture. Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension. Apart fromtraining students and demonsting the potential effects of. Aug, 2018 development agents, extension professionals, subject matter specialists, farmers representatives, politicians and researchers tend to contact only them. To get the best value for money from a demonstration, other farmers should be encouraged to participate in the learning process. African countries represent also 50% of top 20 countries, in terms of the share of total agriculture total exported merchandise in the world eca, 2007.
Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension service on farm productivity in ethiopia int. Ethiopia is often considered a leader in its commitment to extension. The contribution of agricultural extension services to. Jan 19, 2018 department of rural development and agricultural extension, wolaita sodo university, sodo, ethiopia. Pdf agriculture, food insecurity and agricultural policy. International journal of agricultural education and extension, 41. On the list of 20 top agricultural and food commodity importers in 2004, 60% are from subsaharan africa. Many different agricultural extension models have been utilized in developing countries in order to bring about rural development.
Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia summary of essp ii working paper 20, seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia ethiopia strategy support program essp ii research note 12 in spite of nearly two decades of policies that placed high priority on boosting agricultural production and productivity. It observes that african agriculture remains largely traditional and concentrated in the hands of smallholders and pastoralists, and the neglect of. Despite wellintended interventions in extension reforms, a large number of smallholder farmers and other vulnerable groups. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the household head demographic characteristics, establish the level of access to extension information by households and its effect on food security, determine. After several years of interruption, the university, as per the recommendation from the ministry of education of government of ethiopia, and undp, reinstitutionalised the department of rural development and agricultural extension formerly department of agricultural extension in 1994. Ethiopia s agricultural development policy challenges 1. Research and developments issues do not function in vacuum. Analyzing determinants of development agents motivation. Gender disparity in the utilization of agricultural extension. The impact of strengthening agricultural extension services. Ethiopia s highlands and their lowland peripheries offer a distinctive and, in many ways, ideal setting for human habitation and the evolution of agricultural ecologies.
Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross. Department of rural development and agricultural extension. The state of agricultural extension services in ethiopia and. Background agricultural research in ethiopia began in jimma and ambo in 1952 and was extended to the then college of agriculture at alemaya in 1957 and later in 1965 included debre zeit. Chapter 1 the history, development, and future of agricultural extension. For outcomes from agricultural research to bring about meaningful development in ethiopia, these issues, among many others, need to be addressed by the current and future ethiopian governments. Agricultural extension activity is important agrarianpolitical instrument of the state which stimulates the development of agricultural production. Vision for ethiopias extension system modern agriculture integrated with the rest of the economy and a wealthy society free from food insecurity and poverty. A case from south west shoa zone, oromia regional state, ethiopia. Hence, this study sought to ascertain the status of agricultural extension services utilization with the existing gender gaps in bure woreda, north western ethiopia. Africa ssa is characterised by comparatively slow growth in agricultural productivity. The report summarizes ethiopias agricultural, gender, and nutrition policy, and usaids strategic goals and objectives for the country in these areas.
Digital greens approach has the potential to transform extension in ethiopia via a fairly simple impact pathway. Agricultural extension and advisory services, both public and private, thus have a major role to play in providing farmers with information. Oct 19, 2018 in agricultural dependent economies, extension programmes have been the main conduit for disseminating information on farm technologies, support rural adult learning and assist farmers in developing their farm technical and managerial skills. History of agriculture in ethiopia oxford research. At the national level, governments are also reprioritising extension. Reports say that there is low participation of women vegetable farmers in agricultural extension services in tokekutayedistrict, oromia region, ethiopia. Agricultural extension service has to be competent in agricultural skills, to communicate efficiently with producers and stimulate them to acquire new knowledge. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia. Pdf since 1980, ethiopia has been struggling to feed its growing population, despite the fact that agriculture is the mainstay of its economy.
Agricultural extension services include transferring knowledge to farmers, advising and educating farmers in. Agricultural extension in ethiopia through a gender and. Jones is senior lecturer, agricultural extension and rural development department, and chris garforth is senior lecturer and head of the agricultural extension and rural development department, both at the university of reading, united kingdom. Development agents, extension professionals, subject matter specialists, farmers representatives, politicians and researchers tend to contact only them. Studies evaluating the impact of extension have usually involved estimating the rate of returns to extension in an agricultural production function. The results show that the strengthening of extension services had a positive impact on economic participation in the household, land area cultivated, and adoption of marketable crops, suggesting that access to extension helped farmers switch to more commercial, marketoriented agriculture. In kenya, numerous approaches have been tried with varying success. Extension, education and communication service research, extension and training division sustainable development department agricultural extension, rural development and the food security challenge by william mcleod rivera in collaboration with m. Policy makers and donor agencies have so far been emphasized the use of modem farm technologies as a sole source of agricultural growth in ethiopia. The role of extension in agricultural development essay cram. Constraints and challenges in implementing agricultural. Agriculture represents a great part of the africas share in world trade.
However, in many developing countries including ethiopia, the strong association between the rural development and reduction of poverty has not attracted the attention of policy makers, planners and implementer of the agricultural extension system. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the delivery of information inputs to farmers. Explain the history of agricultural extension in the world. Mission of ethiopias extension system create modern, effective and efficient agricultural extension system through enhanced marketoriented. Ethiopian institute of agricultural research eiar ethiopia, national center for agricultural research and extension ncare jordan, agriculture research center arc egypt, agricultural research corporation arc sudan. Anderson and gershon feder agriculture and rural development department world bank, washington, dc. The role of extension in agricultural development by ifeoma irohibe department of agricultural extension, university of nigeria, nsukka agriculture is the science of cultivating crops and rearing animals for the benefit of man and also includes other processes such as processing, storage and marketing of agricultural produce.
The challenges of agriculture and rural development in. Political economy of agricultural extension in ethiopia. Nov 23, 2011 the discussion of the history of agricultural extension in nigeria is treated briefly in the precolonial and colonial periods as well as in the current or postcolonial epoch. This chapter outlines the main extension methods which can be used and contains some guidance on how to choose appropriate methods for different target groups. Pdf the role of information communication technology for. Mission statement the mission of the journal of agricultural extension is to publish conceptual papers and empirical research that tests, extends, or builds agricultural extension theory and contributes to the practice of extension worldwide.
Discover more publications, questions and projects in agricultural extension project nilenexus. By educating farmers on business operations and on modern agricultural science and technologies, extension contributes to the success of countless farms, ranches, and rural business. Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. Motivation in agricultural extension services provision. The costs of adapting agriculture to climate change can be large and the methods not always well known. The impact of strengthening agricultural extension. Dimensions of agriculture extension pdf book agrimoon. Extension provides a critical support service for rural producers meeting the new challenges. Therefore, this study seeks to assess the factors influencing rural women participation in agricultural extension services employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Recognizing the importance of agricultural extension in providing farmers with appropriate information as well as its potential contribution to increasing productivity and addressing rural poverty.
Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Integrating gender and nutrition within agricultural. Opportunities for a sustainable foodenergywater future in the blue nile mountains of ethiopia. The ranges in climate variability by season and over time framed a sophisticated set of crops, agricultural practices, and local political ecologies. Current extension service models, what works and what does. While significant progress has been achieved in kenya and mauritius, internal strife in the other countries has held back major efforts to strengthen the role and performance of agricultural extension. Through extension, landgrant institutions reach out to offer their resources to address public needs. Department of rural development and agricultural extension, wolaita sodo university, sodo, ethiopia.
If you are facing any problem than fill form contact us. They provide an opportunity for group based learning, can stimulate group development and cooperation between farmer s, and are a costeffective means of delivering extension messages. A view from the farm abeje berhanu 0f 1 since the 1960s, ethiopia has been experimenting with different agricultural extension programs e. I, bihon kassa abrha, declare that this phd thesis entitled factors affecting agricultural production in tigray region, northern ethiopia is my own work and that all the sources that i have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. Agricultural extension service has to be competent in agricultural skills, to communicate efficiently with producers and stimulate them to. Conducting regular group extension events at the demonstration site. Group extension events happen when extension staff work with several farmers at the same time and place. The contents are provided free for noncommercial purpose such as teaching, training, research, extension and self learning.
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